Installing Lapack On Mac Os X
Now, you created a library e.g. Called “lapack_MACOS.a”. Copy that file to your library folder by executing. Sudo cp liblapack.a /usr/local/lib/. Congratulation, you've installed BLAS and LAPACK on Mac OS! Note: I've installed BLAS and LAPACK operating on Mac OS 10.8.x!
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Manual pages are intended as a quick reference for people who already understand a technology. To learn how the manual is organized or to learn about command syntax, read the manual page for.
For more information about this technology, look for other documentation in the Apple Developer Library. For general information about writing shell scripts, read Shell Scripting Primer. ACCELERATE(7) BSD Miscellaneous Information Manual ACCELERATE(7) NAME Accelerate vecLib vImage Neon vMathLib BLAS LAPACK vDSP Vector Computation Extended Math Library - This -This This man page introduces the Accelerate umbrella framework, its constituent libraries and programming support in Mac OS X. DESCRIPTION The Accelerate framework (/System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework) contains thousands of hand tuned high performance library routines for common problems in signal and image processing and general and scientific computing. These routines are provided to help developers and Apple frameworks alike make better use of onboard hardware SIMD vector engines (such as SSE and Neon) and multiple processors for best performance, without the need to invest in the complexity that SIMD and multithreaded program- ming programming ming sometimes requires.
A typical Accelerate.framework function will be presented as a single function that accomplishes a task - e.g. Do a discrete Fourier transform, or blur an image, or perhaps just multiply two arrays of floats together. Once called, a typical Accelerate.framework function will examine available hardware and select a tuned version of the algorithm for best performance on that hardware for that problem size, image shape, etc. That function will usually be hand-tuned vectorized code (i.e.
Uses SSE or Neon). For large enough problems, the function may automatically split up the work across multiple pro- cessors processors cessors using Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) or pthreads, all without involvement of the caller. The speedups so obtained can be quite significant due to impressive synergies between SIMD vector engines and multithreading. Vectorization typically will enchance performance many fold - 2, 4, or even 10 fold improvement is normal. Multithreading can then further accelerate your code many fold according to the number of processors on your system.
Some vectorized, multithreaded Accelerate.framework functions run hundreds of times faster than their scalar, single threaded counterparts! Accelerate.framework is intended to help you towards greater application performance regardless of your current investment in high performance technologies. If you have already written your own threading engine, you can use methods such as the kvImageDoNotTile flag or the VECLIBMAXIMUMTHREADS environment variable to disable internal multithreading so that it does not contend with your threading engine. If you have pseudo-real-time scheduling needs, Accelerate.framework functions that otherwise might allo- cate allocate cate their own temporary memory on the heap allow you to pass in preallocated temporary buffers, so as to avoid potential locking in malloc. If you are interested in writing your own vector code, perhaps to speed up areas of your application which is not covered by Accelerate functionality, the framework headers provide cross platform vector types that you can use to enhance the portability of some vector code and facilitate debugging, as well as a number of basic library routines to make writing vector code easier, such as the interfaces found in vMathLib, a library of math routines (e.g. Sin, cos, pow, etc.) for SIMD vectors.
To use Accelerate.framework headers: #include To link to Accelerate.framework, simply add -framework Accelerate to your compiler line: cc -framework Accelerate myfile.c For help with linking to frameworks in Xcode, see also: For further information: Browse a comprehensive introduction to the Accelerate framework: Accelerate Umbrella Framework The Accelerate umbrella framework encompasses all the libraries provided with MacOS X that Apple has optimized for high performance vector and numerical computing. Subsequent sections describe the sub- frameworks subframeworks frameworks that comprise the Accelerate framework. Please link to Accelerate.framework. The positioning of interfaces within sub-frameworks and libraries within Accelerate.framework is subject to change. VImage Framework This framework is designed to provide a suite of image processing primitives.
Convolutions, Morphologi- cal Morphological cal operators, and Geometric transforms (e.g. Scale, shear, warp, rotate) are provided.
Alpha composit- ing compositing ing and histogram operations are also supported, in addition to various conversion routines between different image formats. VImage uses your image data in place without costly packing and unpacking from wrapper objects, using a simple descriptor of the image using base address, height, width and row bytes (to allow for tiling and row padding). Four core formats are supported: Planar8 - a single channel, 8-bit per channel image ARGB8888 - a four channel, 8-bit per channel image.
PlanarF - a single channel, floating point image. ARGBFFFF - a four channel, floating point image.Most functions are channel order agnostic, but where it matters, RGBA and BGRA forms may also be provided. Other formats are supported by conversion to core format prior to applying various vImage functions. The conversion cost is typically very small, and is in many cases faster than attempting to do the con- version conversion version just in time within the function, because many redundant conversions to a arithmetic format usable by the core vector units, some hidden from you, can be avoided. The formats provided reflect core performance competencies of the vector hardware rather than the wide diversity of image formats out there.
For more information, see: vecLib Framework The vecLib framework is a collection of facilities covering digital signal processing (vDSP), matrix computations (BLAS), numerical linear algebra (LAPACK) and mathematical routines (vForce/vMathLib) The vDSP, BLAS and LAPACK components of vecLib run on the scalar and vector domain. VecLib automati- cally automatically cally detects the presence of the vector engine and uses it. VMathLib mirrors the existing scalar libm on the vector engine.
VMathLib runs only on the vector engine. For more information, see: vDSP The vDSP Library provides mathematical functions for applications such as speech, sound, audio, and video processing, diagnostic medical imaging, radar signal processing, seismic analysis, and scientific data processing. The vDSP functions operate on real and complex data types. The functions include data type conversions, fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), and vector-to-vector and vector-to-scalar operations.
The vDSP functions have been implemented in two ways: as vectorized code, using the vector unit on the ARM and Intel microprocessors, and as scalar code, which runs on all machines. Vector code often has special alignment restrictions. If your data is not properly aligned it is common for vDSP to use the scalar path as a fallback. For best results on Intel, align your data to a multiple of 16 bytes. (Mal- loc (Malloc loc naturally aligns memory blocks that it allocates to 16 bytes on MacOS X.) It is noteworthy that vDSP's FFTs are one of the fastest implementations of the Discrete Fourier Trans- forms Transforms forms available anywhere. The vDSP Library itself is included as part of vecLib in Mac OS X. The header file, vDSP.h, defines data types used by the vDSP functions and symbols accepted as flag arguments to vDSP functions.
VDSP functions are available in single and double precision. Note that only the single precision is vectorized on ARM due to the underlying instruction set architecture of the vector engine on board. The Intel vector unit supports both single and double precision, so double precision operations can be vec- torized vectorized torized on Intel processors. For more information about vDSP see: BLAS The Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS) are high quality, industry standard routines for performing basic vector and matrix operations. Level 1 BLAS consists of vector-vector operations, Level 2 BLAS consists of matrix-vector operations, and Level 3 BLAS have matrix-matrix operations. The efficiency, portability, and the wide adoption of the BLAS have made them commonplace in the development of high quality linear algebra software such as LAPACK and in other technologies requiring fast vector and matrix calculations.
All of the industry standard FORTRAN and C BLAS entry points, as well as some common extensions, are exported by the vecLib framework. For more information refer to: LAPACK LAPACK provides routines for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations, least-squares solutions of linear systems of equations, eigenvalue problems, and singular value problems.
The associated matrix factorizations (LU, Cholesky, QR, SVD, Schur, generalized Schur) are also provided, as are related computations such as reordering of the Schur factorizations and estimating condition numbers. Dense and banded matrices are handled, but not general sparse matrices. In all areas, similar function- ality functionality ality is provided for real and complex matrices, in both single and double precision. LAPACK in vecLib makes full use of the optimized BLAS and fully benefits from their performance.
All the industry stan- dard standard dard FORTRAN LAPACK entry points are exported from the vecLib framework. C programs may make calls to the FORTRAN entry points using the prototypes set out in '/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.frame- work/Headers/clapack.h'. '/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers/clapack.h'. For more information, please see: LAPACK follows FORTRAN calling conventions (even when called from C code).
Users must be aware that ALL arguments are passed by reference. This includes all scalar arguments such as matrix dimensions and scale factors. Additionally, please note that two-dimensional arrays such as matrices are stored in column-major order; this differs from how C programmers customarily lay out such arrays. For more information refer to.
SEE ALSO You may also be interested in the system math library, which provides high-quality implementations of basic mathematical functions like exp, log, pow, sin, cos. See for more information. BUGS Accelerate.framework is not magic! It will not vectorize or multithread your code for you, just because you linked against the framework. You have to actually call the functions exported by the Acceler- ate.framework, Accelerate.framework, ate.framework, and then only those functions from the framework that you called will be Accelerated.
MacOS X May 1, 2007 MacOS X.
First Steps To get a brand-new Mac up and running, start with the basics to make it feel like home:. Dropbox. 1Password. Alfred.
Other Mac App Store Apps. Xcode and the Xcode Command Line Tools. and the mvim wrapper. SSH Configuration It's best to make sure that only key-based SSH is permitted into your machine.
Run sudo vi /etc/sshdconfig and make the following changes: ChallengeResponseAuthentication no PasswordAuthentication no PermitEmptyPasswords no Also make your SSH keys ( TODO: add instructions for this). Install brew and some basic packages Homebrew is installed via: ruby -e '$(curl -fsSL Then go to town: brew install git tmux wget Install dotfiles and sickvim These are specific to my setup, but you may also want to manage your dot files and vim setup with git/GitHub.
Installing Mac Os On Vmware
Curl -L bash See my for info on how this is setup. Don't forget to set /usr/zsh as the default shell in the 'Users' pane of System Preferences. GCC 4.7 & gfortran To just get gfortran 4.7 already linked into paths, simply run brew install gfortran To install ATLAS and the Astromatic suite, we want to use paired gcc-4.7 and gfortran-4.7 compilers (the default gcc compiler on Mavericks is LLVM 5.0). We can get the GNU suite of compilers without interfering with Apple's LLVM compilers by installing from.
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Brew tap homebrew/versions brew info homebrew/versions/gcc47 brew install homebrew/versions/gcc47 -enable-all-languages To get these compilers, call gcc-4.7, or gfortran-4.7. Python I use Homebrew to get the latest Python 2.7.x. Brew install python Also get virtualenv(wrapper) right away and some other useful packages that ought to sit in the global site-packages: pip install virtualenvwrapper ipython pygments sphinx flake8 rope ropemode Tools like flake8 and rope are called by my setup, and pygments is provides the useful. Installing Numpy/Cython/Scipy brew install umfpack swig nose pip install numpy pip install cython pip install scipy Installing Matplotlib brew install libpng freetype pip install matplotlib Installing Numba Right now Numba/llvmpy needs LLVM 3.1 to work; thus the LLVM 3.2 provided by Homebrew won't work. Thus a manual install is required: wget tar zxvf llvm-3.1.src.tar.gz./configure -enable-optimized -enable-pic And do the Python installs: git clone python setup.py install git clone python setup.py install pip install cython git clone git://github.com/numba/numba.git python setup.py install ATLAS & LAPACK Some software, notably those in the Astromatic toolchain, require the ATLAS linear algebra package., but I'm happy to report that in 2012 it is relatively easy to get ATLAS running on a Mac.
Full installation instructions are. ATLAS can be downloaded from; these instructions are for ATLAS 3.10.0. Also grab a copy of LAPACK with wget Setup Move ATLAS to /build. Unpack and setup via: bunzip2 -c atlas3.10.0.tar.bz2 tar xfm - mv ATLAS ATLAS3.10.0 cd ATLAS3.10.0 mkdir macbuild cd macbuild The macbuild directory is where we'll build the sources. Similarly move lapack-3.4.2.tgz to the /build directory.
Configuration Inside the build directory the configuration is done via:./configure flags We use flags:.b 64 for 64-bit.prefix=/usr/local/atlas is the installation dir.with-netlib-lapack-tarfile=$HOME/build/lapack-3.4.2.tgz to hook up the downloaded LAPACK.C alg gcc-4.7 see. This lets us use gcc 4.7 from Homebrew dupes (see above).C if gfortran-4.7.shared builds shared (.so) libraries in addition to static (.a) libraries. Thus:./configure -b 64 -prefix=/usr/local/atlas -with-netlib-lapack-tarfile=$HOME/build/lapack-3.4.2.tgz -C alg gcc-4.7 -C if gfortran-4.7 -shared Build, Check and Install make build make check make ptcheck make time make install Astromatic Software Dependencies Besides ATLAS, various pieces of the Astromatic toolchain require FFTW and plplot. Black mesa crack steam. FFTW is easy to install: brew install fftw For SCAMP we first need to install plplot.
I find it best to install with a default gcc setup; make sure that the CC, CPP and F77 environment variables are not set. Brew install cmake brew install pkg-config brew install -without-x pango wget tar -zxvf plplot-5.9.9.tar.gz cd plplot-5.9.9 mkdir plplot-build cd plplot-build cmake.
& cmake.out make & make.out make install Finally, we also need to, which is straightforward. Environment Variables To compile against ATLAS, we should use the same GCC 4.7 that we used to compile ATLAS.